After the discovery of targeted therapies, research has focused on the new treatment options for AGC. In the last two decades, many targeted molecules were developed against AGC. Currently, two targeted therapy molecules have been approved for patients with AGC. In 2010, trastuzumab was the first molecule shown to improve survival in patients with HER2-positive AGC as part of a first-line combination regimen.

In 2014, ramucirumab was the second targeted molecule to improve survival rates and was suggested as treatment for patients with AGC who had progressed after firstline platinum plus fluoropyrimidine with or without anthracycline chemotherapy. Ramucirumab was the first targeted therapy acting as a single agent in patients with advanced gastroesophageal cancers. Although these http://www.selleck.cn/products/Abiraterone-Acetate-CB7630.html two molecules were introduced into clinical use, many other promising molecules have been tested in phase Ⅰ-Ⅱ trials. It is obvious that in the near future many different targeted therapies will be in use for treatment of AGC. In this review, the current status of targeted therapies in the treatment of AGC and gastroesophageal junction tumors, including HER(2-3)

inhibitors, epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, antiangiogenic agents, 还有 c-MET inhibitors, mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors, agents against other molecular pathways fibroblast growth factor, Claudins, insulin-like growth factor, heat shock proteins, and immunotherapy, will be discussed.
目的:研究蛋白激酶B(Akt)抑制剂MK-2206对肺腺癌A549细胞增殖和凋亡的影响。方法:MTT法检测0(空白对照)、0.5、1、2.5、5、10、20、30μmol/L Bleomycin体外 MK-2206处理A549细胞24 h后细胞的光密度;以0(空白对照)、5、10、20μmol/L MK-2206处理A549细胞24 h,倒置相差显微镜观察细胞形态变化,流式细胞术分析细胞周期分布和凋亡率,免疫印迹法检测细胞周期相关蛋白Cyclin D1、p21、p27和细胞凋亡相关蛋白分裂的多聚腺苷二磷酸核糖聚合酶(cf-PARP)、分裂的半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶3(cf-caspase-3)、B淋巴细胞瘤2(Bcl-2)和Bax的表达。结果:与空白对照比较,MK-2206处理后A549细胞的光密度降低;细胞缩小、呈空泡状;主要阻滞于G0/G1期,细胞中p21、p27蛋白表达增强,Cyclin

D1蛋白表达减弱;细胞凋亡率增加,细胞内cf-PARP、cf-caspase-3、Bax表达增强,Bcl-2表达减弱。各效应均呈浓度依赖性(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论:MK-2206可抑制A549细胞增殖,并通过激活caspase-3、下调Bcl-2和上调Bax蛋白的表达诱导其凋亡。
Pancreatic cancer is the fourth most common cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Although recent therapeutic developments for patients with pancreatic cancer have provided survival benefits, the outcomes for patients with pancreatic cancer remain unsatisfactory. Molecularly targeted cancer therapy has advanced in the past decade with the use of a number of pathways as candidates of therapeutic targets. This review summarizes the molecular features of this refractory disease while focusing on the recent clinical and experimental findings on pancreatic cancer. It also discusses the data supporting current standard clinical outcomes, and offers conclusions that may improve the management of pancreatic cancer in the future.